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People + Culture

El médico que Columbia rechazó

Before José Celso Barbosa became a familiar political name, Columbia rejected his medical-school application through a race-based admissions decision. Michigan admitted him, and he graduated in 1880 as valedictorian.

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  • Michigan Medicine documents Columbia's race-based refusal, Michigan admission, and Barbosa's 1880 valedictorian graduation.
  • University of Michigan Medical School identifies Barbosa as the first Puerto Rican to earn a medical degree from any continental U.S. university.
  • Bentley Historical Library supports the Columbia, Ann Arbor, and Puerto Rico return trail.
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