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Environment + Place

Puerto Rico Fits Into Six Ecological Worlds

Puerto Rico looks small on the map, but USDA Forest Service receipts identify six Holdridge life-zone classes for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, with climate, substrate, topography, rivers, and wetlands adding more layers.

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  • USDA Forest Service / IITF identifies six Holdridge life-zone classes for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
  • The Holdridge framework classifies areas using climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity.
  • Gould et al. map Puerto Rico landscape units through climate, substrate, topography, rivers, lakes, and wetlands.
Receipts

Sources

USDA Forest Service / IITF: Holdridge Life Zones Puerto Rico & USVIEwel & Whitmore, 1973: The Ecological Life Zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin IslandsGould et al., 2008: Landscape units of Puerto RicoLocal source packet: Puerto Rico cabe en seis mundos ecologicosYouTube Short
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